Sunday 15 November 2015

Binary Search Tree implementation in Java

Binary Tree:
A binary tree is a tree data structure in which each node has at most two children, which are referred to as the left child and the right child.

Binary Search Tree:
BST is a type of Binary tree in which left Nodes smaller than parent and right Nodes are greater than parent.

Operations
Complexity
Insert
O(lgn)

Contains
O(lgn)

Delete
O(lgn)

Display
O(n).


contains(int n):

     public boolean contains(int id) {
           Node current = root;
           while(current!=null) {
                if(current.data==id) {
                     return true;
                } else if(current.data>id) {
                     current = current.left;
                } else {
                     current = current.right;
                }
           }
           return false;
     }

insert(int n):

       public void insert(int element) {
           Node newNode = new Node(element);
           /** No element in the BST. */
           if(root==null) {
                root = newNode;
                return;
           }
           Node current = root;
           Node parent = null;
           while(true) {
                parent = current;
                /** find the leaf Node where element will be insert.*/
                if(element<current.data) {                
                     current = current.left;
                     /** Insert the element at the leaf. */
                     if(current==null) {
                           parent.left = newNode;
                           return;
                     }
                } else {
                     current = current.right;
                     /** Insert the element at the leaf. */
                     if(current==null) {
                           parent.right = newNode;
                           return;
                     }
                }
           }
     }

Deletion in BST:

1) Node to be deleted is leaf:
  Simply remove from the tree.
              80                                    80
           /     \         delete(50)     /   \
          60      100       --------->   60     100
         /  \    /  \                          \      /  \
       50   70  90   110                    70   90   110

2) Node to be deleted has only one child:
  Swap the child to the node and delete the new child.

              80                                     80
           /     \         delete(60)      /   \
          60      100       --------->     70     100
            \    /  \                                 /  \
            70  90   110                           90   110

3) Node to be deleted has both children:
 A. Find inorder successor of the node.
 B. Copy contents of the inorder successor to the node and delete the inorder successor.   
     (Inorder predecessor can also be used).

              80                                     90
           /     \         delete(80)      /   \
          70      100       --------->     70    100
                  /   \                                      \
                90   110                                     110

Note: Inorder successor is needed only when right child is not empty.
Inorder successor can be obtained as the minimum value in right sub tree of the node.


Binary search tree Implementation:

class Node {
     int data;
     Node left;
     Node right;    
     public Node(int data) {
           this.data = data;
           left = null;
           right = null;
     }
    
     public String toString() {
           return "left :" + left +" right:"+right;
     }
}

/**
 * Binary search tree implementation.
 */
public class BST {

     public Node root;

     public BST() {
           this.root = null;
     }

     public boolean contains(int id) {
           Node current = root;
           while(current!=null){
                if(current.data==id) {
                     return true;
                } else if(current.data>id) {
                     current = current.left;
                } else {
                     current = current.right;
                }
           }
           return false;
     }

     /**
      * Functions to delete data.
      **/
     public boolean delete(int id) {
           Node parent = root;
           Node current = root;
           boolean isLeftChild = false;
           while(current.data!=id){
                parent = current;
                if(current.data>id) {
                     isLeftChild = true;
                     current = current.left;
                } else {
                     isLeftChild = false;
                     current = current.right;
                }

                if(current==null) {
                     return false;
                }
           }

           /**
            * Case 1: if node to be deleted has no children
            */
           if(current.left==null && current.right==null) {
                if(current==root) {
                     root = null;
                }
                if(isLeftChild ==true) {
                     parent.left = null;
                } else {
                     parent.right = null;
                }
           }

           /**
            * Case 2 : if node to be deleted has only one child
            */
           else if(current.right==null) {
                if(current==root) {
                     root = current.left;
                } else if(isLeftChild) {
                     parent.left = current.left;
                } else {
                     parent.right = current.left;
                }
           } else if(current.left==null) {
                if(current==root) {
                     root = current.right;
                } else if(isLeftChild) {
                     parent.left = current.right;
                } else {
                     parent.right = current.right;
                }
           }
           /**
            * Node to be deleted has two children.
            * Find inorder successor of the node.
            * Copy contents of the inorder successor to the node and
            * delete the inorder successor.
            * Note that inorder predecessor can also be used.
            **/

           else if(current.left!=null && current.right!=null) {

                //To found the minimum element in the right sub tree.
                Node successor = getSuccessor(current);
                if(current==root) {
                     root = successor;
                } else if(isLeftChild) {
                     parent.left = successor;
                } else {
                     parent.right = successor;
                }              
                successor.left = current.left;
           }         
           return true;        
     }

     private Node getSuccessor(Node deleleNode) {
           Node successsor = null;
           Node successsor_P = null;
           Node current = deleleNode.right;
           while(current!=null) {
                successsor_P = successsor;
                successsor = current;
                current = current.left;
           }
          
           /**
            * Check if successor has the right child,
            *      It cannot have left child for sure
            * If it does have the right child,
            *      add it to the left of successor_P.
            */
           if(successsor != deleleNode.right) {
                successsor_P.left = successsor.right;
                successsor.right = deleleNode.right;
           }
           return successsor;
     }

     public void insert(int element) {
           Node newNode = new Node(element);
           /** No element in the BST. */
           if(root==null) {
                root = newNode;
                return;
           }
           Node current = root;
           Node parent = null;
           while(true) {
                parent = current;
                /** find the leaf Node where element will be insert.*/
                if(element<current.data) {                
                     current = current.left;
                     /** Insert the element at the leaf. */
                     if(current==null) {
                           parent.left = newNode;
                           return;
                     }
                } else {
                     current = current.right;
                     /** Insert the element at the leaf. */
                     if(current==null) {
                           parent.right = newNode;
                           return;
                     }
                }
           }
     }

     /**
      * print all the elements in the In-Order.
      */
     public void display(Node root) {
           if(root!=null) {
                display(root.left);
                System.out.print(" " + root.data);
                display(root.right);
           }
     }
}

Test Binary search tree Implementation:



public class TestBST {
     public static void main(String arg[]) {
           BST bst = new BST();
           bst.insert(80);bst.insert(60);
           bst.insert(50);bst.insert(70);
           bst.insert(100);bst.insert(90);
           bst.insert(110);

           System.out.println("Original Tree : ");
           bst.display(bst.root);

           System.out.println("\n1)Node to be deleted is leaf:" +
                                              bst.delete(50));
           bst.display(bst.root);
          
           System.out.println("\n2)Node to be deleted has only
                                one child:" + bst.delete(60));
           bst.display(bst.root);
          
           System.out.println("\n3) Node to be deleted has both
                                children" + bst.delete(80));
           bst.display(bst.root);
     }
}

Output:
      Original Tree :
      50 60 70 80 90 100 110
      
      1) Node to be deleted is leaf:true
      60 70 80 90 100 110
    
      2) Node to be deleted has only one child:true
      70 80 90 100 110
    
      3) Node to be deleted has both childrentrue
      70 90 100 110

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